An interior permanent magnet motor is a good option for traction application related to the induction motor and switched reluctance motor because of high mechanical rigidity and low demagnetization risk. the design of this kind of motor is attractive for engineer despise the implementation cost of them in high constant speed power range (cpsr) is high. In this paper using combination of two ideas i.e. non-conventional air bridge and segmented permanent magnet a optimal design has been proposed. In this paper non-conventional air bridge is used for reducing the permanent magnet volume. The genetic algorithm has been applied to the goal function. Simulation results show the good performance of optimal design related the conventional design.

In order to adapt the hydraulic conditions of super critical flow in the chute spillways, variable width may be designed by designers. For most of the cases, the design of contracting chutes would help reducing water depth at upstream of the chute which reduces the dam height and increasing water depth at downstream of the chute may provide better smaller stilling basin for hydraulic jump. Super critical flow in the chute canals with contracting width may associate with the oblique steady shock waves. There are some difficulties in accurate numerical solution of water surface and velocity discontinuities due to shock waves. In this paper a novel algorithm for Overlapping-Cell-Vertex Unstructured-Finite- Volume solution of shallow water equations is used in which the numerical fluxes on the boundary edges of each Control-Volume are computed using an Upwind-Flux-Averaging formulation. Using this formulation in combination with Multi-Stage Runge-Kutta Time-Stepping provides accurate and oscillation free explicit solution of super critical flow with sharp shock waves. The accuracy of the computed result for analytical and experimental steady horizontal test cases is compared with reported data. The efficiency of the solution algorithm for the test cases is presented in terms of convergence history plots and CPU time consumption for the convergence of the solution to the steady state.

Resolver, as an electromagnetic sensor, is widely used in many industrial applications. It can detect the position of the rotary part of the electric machines precisely. In commercial resolvers, the excitation winding is connected to the high frequency (HF) AC source. The amplitude-modulated voltages induced in the signal windings need to be demodulated in order to calculate the envelope of the output signals and accordingly detect the position. On the other hand, in PM-resolver, signal windings replaced by Hall-effect sensors to measure the DC magnetic flux which is produced by permanent magnets. In this study, the performance of both AC and DC flux resolvers is investigated under different circumstances. All the simulations are done by the time-stepping finite element method (TSFEM).

Background: Considering the importance of removal of these solutes in chronic renal failure patients, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of increasing ultrafiltration on clearance of middle molecules in low-flux hemodialysis in Kashan, 2005.Materials and Methods: Twenty one hemodialysis patients, 11 women and 10 men, were enrolled to this clinical before-after study. At the first stage the patients were dialyzed with ultrafiltration equal to their dry body weight. At the second stage two liters was added to the ultrafiltration and clearance of each solute was calculated in both stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and square T test.Results: There was a significant difference in clearance of b2-microglobulin and vitamin B12 in second stage in comparison with the first one (p<0.03, p<0.001), respectively. While there was no difference in clearance of small molecules P, BUN, and Cr. (p=0.97, r=0.24, p=0.36). In first hemodialysis KT/V was 1.12 and in the second 1.22. Conclusion: It was shown that in low-flux hemodialysis the increase in ultrafiltration results in increased clearance of middle molecules. Ultrfiltration increase also improves the adequacy of hemodialysis but it doesn't affect removal of small molecule.

Introduction. Hyperparathyroidism is a common finding in patients with renal insufficiency and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is considered a uremic toxin responsible for many of the abnormalities of the uremic state and bone disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of permeability of low-flux versus high-flux dialysis membranes on intact PTH during hemodialysis in children.Materials and Methods. Forty-four children aged between 4 and 13 years old on regular hemodialysis were enrolled in a prospective study. Low-flux polysulfone membranes were used for at least 6 months and then the patients were switched to use high-flux polysulfone membranes for 3 months. Serum electrolytes and intact PTH before and after dialysis were compared before and after changes in dialysis membrane.Results. At the end of the 3-month use of high-flux filters, predialysis intact PTH level (49.40 ± 19.64 ng/dL) showed a highly significant decline (P < .001) compared to the predialysis intact PTH (21.67 ± 4.85 ng/dL) with low-flux membranes at the start of the study. Intact PTH level correlated negatively with serum ionized calcium and positively with serum phosphorus levels only in the predialysis samples with the use of low-flux but not high-flux filters. Conclusions. In children, high-flux dialysis membranes are more efficient in removal of intact PTH, one of the middle-sized uremic toxins, than low-flux membranes.

Conventional Flux Compression Generators (FCG"s) are used to generate high power ‎DC pulses. A new kind of (FCG"s) with series capacitance called Capacitive Flux ‎Compression Generator (CFCG) will be introduced and explained in this paper. This ‎new kind is used to generate modulated high power pulses. There are some problems ‎to establish a capacitance in high power and high frequency applications. In the ‎present paper several practical methods will be addresed to make capacitance in high ‎power and high frequency applications‎‏.‏

In this paper, three new schemes based on normalized variable diagram (NVD) to calculate convection term of conservative equations are developed. The solution technique is of the finite volume type utilizing a co-located arrangement for storage of variables and a uniform mesh. The working variables are velocity and pressure which makes the schemes applicable to both compressible and in compressible flows. The interpolation of these schemes has been done with smooth functions and this point improves the convergence and accuracy of the solution. These methods are applied to the computation of steady transonic over bump in channel geometry as well as to the transient shock-tube problem. The results are compared with other computations published in the literature.